December 27, 2008
The Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics sounds like something out of a science fiction movie. But if you take a closer look, it could offer an interesting explanation for various physical phenomena. I really love concepts like this, so let's take a look at the basics of the Many-Worlds Interpretation.
The Basic Principles of the Many-Worlds Interpretation
The Many-Worlds Theory imagines the universe as a collection of possible states that do not overlap. This means that for every decision or event, there are multiple possible outcomes, each taking place in its own parallel universe.
These parallel universes exist alongside our own but are not directly connected. Each universe represents an alternative reality where things develop differently. As sci-fi as it may sound, it is a serious scientific theory supported by experiments.
The origin of the Many-Worlds Theory lies in the double-slit experiment. In this experiment, individual electrons are shot one by one through two slits. They do not behave like classic particles that simply go through one slit. Instead, they behave like waves, passing through both slits at the same time and creating an interference pattern. This pattern only disappears when we measure which slit the electron actually went through.
There are two possible explanations for this. The Copenhagen interpretation says that the electron exists in a so-called superposition, meaning it is in all possible states at once until it is observed. The Many-Worlds interpretation, on the other hand, suggests that all possible paths the electron could take actually exist simultaneously in different universes.
This means that every decision and every event in our universe does not happen just once, but countless times across numerous parallel universes. Every choice we make (and every choice made by any living being) creates one of infinitely many universes, where history unfolds in completely different ways.
At least, that is the theory.
Scientific Articles and Studies
The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hugh-everett-biography/
Everett’s Relative-State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-everett/
Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-manyworlds/
"Relative State" Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.29.454
Quantum theory, the Church–Turing principle and the universal quantum computer
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspa.1985.0070
Quantum Probability from Subjective Likelihood: improving on Deutsch's proof of the probability rule
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0312157
Closing Words
What I find particularly fascinating about the Many-Worlds theory is the idea of infinite possibilities for the universe and life as we know it. You naturally wonder what this means for the purpose of our individual existence. But in the end, it doesn't really matter because our decisions only count in this universe.